Selenium WebDriver

Keyboard Events & Actions Class

Master keyboard events using Actions class including sendKeys, keyDown, keyUp operations, text manipulation, and navigation keys.

Multiple Ways to Perform Operations

Different Approaches in Selenium

Enter Text (3 Ways)

1. WebElement sendKeys()
2. Actions class sendKeys()
3. JavaScript Executor

Click Element (5 Ways)

1. WebElement click()
2. WebElement submit()
3. Actions class click()
4. Actions class ENTER
5. JavaScript Executor

Handle Dropdown (6 Ways)

1. selectByVisibleText()
2. selectByIndex()
3. selectByValue()
4. Iterating values
5. Actions class
6. JavaScript Executor

Open URL (3 Ways)

1. get() method
2. navigate().to() method
3. JavaScript Executor interface

Keyboard Events in Actions Class

Keyboard Event Methods

sendKeys() Method

Enter text in text box / Send keys to web element

act.sendKeys(wb, "text")

keyDown() Method

Press modifier keys (CTRL, SHIFT, ALT, etc.)

act.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL)

keyUp() Method

Release pressed modifier keys

act.keyUp(Keys.CONTROL)

Note: All keyboard event methods are present in Actions class and return Actions class.

sendKeys() Method Example

Example: https://www.saucedemo.com/

Enter username using Actions class sendKeys() method

package Tutorial11;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;

public class Demo1 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.get("https://www.saucedemo.com/");

        WebElement wb = driver.findElement(By.name("user-name"));
        Actions act = new Actions(driver);

        act.sendKeys(wb, "standard_user").build().perform();
    }
}

Text Manipulation Operations

Delete Characters from Text Box

Delete Last Characters

Use BACK_SPACE key to delete characters from the end

// Enter text and delete last 3 characters
act.sendKeys(wb, "Rahul")
   .keyDown(Keys.BACK_SPACE)
   .keyDown(Keys.BACK_SPACE)
   .keyDown(Keys.BACK_SPACE)
   .build().perform();

Delete First Characters

Navigation + Delete Approach

Use HOME key to navigate to beginning, then DELETE key

// Enter text, go to beginning, delete first 3 characters
act.sendKeys(wb, "anjali")
   .keyDown(Keys.HOME)
   .keyUp(Keys.HOME)
   .keyDown(Keys.DELETE)
   .keyDown(Keys.DELETE)
   .keyDown(Keys.DELETE)
   .keyUp(Keys.DELETE)
   .build().perform();

Copy-Paste Operations

Copy Text from One Field to Another

Example: https://copyright.gov.in/UserRegistration/frmNewUser.aspx

Copy first name and paste in last name field

Keyboard Shortcuts Used

• CTRL + A = Select all text
• CTRL + C = Copy selected text
• TAB = Move to next field
• CTRL + V = Paste copied text

WebElement wb = driver.findElement(By.name("ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$txtFName"));
Actions act = new Actions(driver);

act.sendKeys(wb, "Pavan")
   .keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys("a")
   .keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys("c")
   .keyUp(Keys.CONTROL)
   .keyDown(Keys.TAB)
   .keyUp(Keys.TAB)
   .keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys("v")
   .keyUp(Keys.CONTROL)
   .build()
   .perform();

Page Navigation Keys

HOME and END Keys

HOME Key

Navigate to the top of the page

act.keyDown(Keys.HOME).build().perform();

END Key

Navigate to the bottom of the page

act.keyDown(Keys.END).build().perform();

// Example: Navigate to end and then back to home
ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("https://www.redbus.in/");

Actions act = new Actions(driver);
act.keyDown(Keys.END).build().perform();
Thread.sleep(4000);
act.keyDown(Keys.HOME).build().perform();

Arrow Keys for Scrolling

ARROW_DOWN Key

Scroll down the page step by step

// Scroll down multiple times
act.keyDown(Keys.ARROW_DOWN).build().perform();
act.keyDown(Keys.ARROW_DOWN).build().perform();
act.keyDown(Keys.ARROW_DOWN).build().perform();
// ... continue as needed

Dropdown Handling with Actions Class

Select Dropdown Options Using Keyboard

Example: Select "Ms." from Title Dropdown

Use ARROW_DOWN keys to navigate and ENTER to select

WebElement wb = driver.findElement(By.name("ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$ddlTitle"));
Actions act = new Actions(driver);

act.click(wb)
   .keyDown(Keys.ARROW_DOWN)
   .keyDown(Keys.ARROW_DOWN)
   .keyUp(Keys.ARROW_DOWN)
   .keyDown(Keys.ENTER)
   .keyUp(Keys.ENTER)
   .build()
   .perform();

Steps Explained

Click on dropdown to open it
Press ARROW_DOWN to move to next option
Press ARROW_DOWN again to move to "Ms."
Release ARROW_DOWN key
Press ENTER to select the option
Release ENTER key

Alternative Approach

Robot Class in Java

Robot Class in Java can also be used to perform Mouse and Keyboard Events as an alternative to Actions class.

Day 19 Knowledge Check

Question 1 of 5

How many ways can you enter text in a text box using Selenium?

Multiple Ways to Perform Operations

Different Approaches in Selenium

Enter Text (3 Ways)

1. WebElement sendKeys()
2. Actions class sendKeys()
3. JavaScript Executor

Click Element (5 Ways)

1. WebElement click()
2. WebElement submit()
3. Actions class click()
4. Actions class ENTER
5. JavaScript Executor

Handle Dropdown (6 Ways)

1. selectByVisibleText()
2. selectByIndex()
3. selectByValue()
4. Iterating values
5. Actions class
6. JavaScript Executor

Open URL (3 Ways)

1. get() method
2. navigate().to() method
3. JavaScript Executor interface

Keyboard Events in Actions Class

Keyboard Event Methods

sendKeys() Method

Enter text in text box / Send keys to web element

act.sendKeys(wb, "text")

keyDown() Method

Press modifier keys (CTRL, SHIFT, ALT, etc.)

act.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL)

keyUp() Method

Release pressed modifier keys

act.keyUp(Keys.CONTROL)

Note: All keyboard event methods are present in Actions class and return Actions class.

sendKeys() Method Example

Example: https://www.saucedemo.com/

Enter username using Actions class sendKeys() method

Text Manipulation Operations

Delete Characters from Text Box

Delete Last Characters

Use BACK_SPACE key to delete characters from the end

// Enter text and delete last 3 characters
act.sendKeys(wb, "Rahul")
   .keyDown(Keys.BACK_SPACE)
   .keyDown(Keys.BACK_SPACE)
   .keyDown(Keys.BACK_SPACE)
   .build().perform();

Delete First Characters

Navigation + Delete Approach

Use HOME key to navigate to beginning, then DELETE key

Copy-Paste Operations

Copy Text from One Field to Another

Example: https://copyright.gov.in/UserRegistration/frmNewUser.aspx

Copy first name and paste in last name field

Keyboard Shortcuts Used

• CTRL + A = Select all text
• CTRL + C = Copy selected text
• TAB = Move to next field
• CTRL + V = Paste copied text

Page Navigation Keys

HOME and END Keys

HOME Key

Navigate to the top of the page

act.keyDown(Keys.HOME).build().perform();

END Key

Navigate to the bottom of the page

act.keyDown(Keys.END).build().perform();

Arrow Keys for Scrolling

ARROW_DOWN Key

Scroll down the page step by step

// Scroll down multiple times
act.keyDown(Keys.ARROW_DOWN).build().perform();
act.keyDown(Keys.ARROW_DOWN).build().perform();
act.keyDown(Keys.ARROW_DOWN).build().perform();
// ... continue as needed

Dropdown Handling with Actions Class

Select Dropdown Options Using Keyboard

Example: Select "Ms." from Title Dropdown

Use ARROW_DOWN keys to navigate and ENTER to select

Steps Explained

Click on dropdown to open it
Press ARROW_DOWN to move to next option
Press ARROW_DOWN again to move to "Ms."
Release ARROW_DOWN key
Press ENTER to select the option
Release ENTER key

Multiple Ways to Perform Operations

Different Approaches in Selenium

Enter Text (3 Ways)

Click Element (5 Ways)

Handle Dropdown (6 Ways)

Open URL (3 Ways)

Keyboard Events in Actions Class

Keyboard Event Methods

sendKeys() Method

keyDown() Method

keyUp() Method

sendKeys() Method Example

Example: https://www.saucedemo.com/

Text Manipulation Operations

Delete Characters from Text Box

Delete Last Characters

Delete First Characters

Navigation + Delete Approach

Copy-Paste Operations

Copy Text from One Field to Another

Example: https://copyright.gov.in/UserRegistration/frmNewUser.aspx

Keyboard Shortcuts Used

Page Navigation Keys

HOME and END Keys

HOME Key

END Key

Arrow Keys for Scrolling

ARROW_DOWN Key

Dropdown Handling with Actions Class

Select Dropdown Options Using Keyboard

Example: Select "Ms." from Title Dropdown

Steps Explained

Alternative Approach

Robot Class in Java

Day 19 Knowledge Check

How many ways can you enter text in a text box using Selenium?

SDET Mastery

Multiple Ways to Perform Operations

Different Approaches in Selenium

Enter Text (3 Ways)

Click Element (5 Ways)

Handle Dropdown (6 Ways)

Open URL (3 Ways)

Keyboard Events in Actions Class

Keyboard Event Methods

sendKeys() Method

keyDown() Method

keyUp() Method

sendKeys() Method Example

Example: https://www.saucedemo.com/

Text Manipulation Operations

Delete Characters from Text Box

Delete Last Characters

Delete First Characters

Navigation + Delete Approach

Copy-Paste Operations

Copy Text from One Field to Another

Example: https://copyright.gov.in/UserRegistration/frmNewUser.aspx

Keyboard Shortcuts Used

Page Navigation Keys

HOME and END Keys

HOME Key

END Key

Arrow Keys for Scrolling

ARROW_DOWN Key

Dropdown Handling with Actions Class

Select Dropdown Options Using Keyboard

Example: Select "Ms." from Title Dropdown

Steps Explained

Alternative Approach

Robot Class in Java

Day 19 Knowledge Check

How many ways can you enter text in a text box using Selenium?

SDET Mastery